The tenth volume of the series about the unique nature of Iran and Iraq. Isolated Mountain Ranges with snowy peaks and desert plateaus, forests of various types and semi-desert savannah gave a specific and unrepeatable butterfly diversity. Many endemic species, especially the Lycaenids comes from Iran. This book covers the 413 species currently known. Specimens of almost all species are shown in the plates including many type specimens, historical and very rare examples. The bibliography section consists of 830 entries including of many Iranian publications little known in the West.