Seventy five Palearctic Chaetocnema species are revised. Seven new species are described: C. belka, Ch. bergeali, C. eastafghanica, C. franzi, C. igori, C. lubischevi, and C. tbilisiensis. The following nine synonymies are proposed: Biodontocnema Biondi 2000 = Chaetocnema Stephens 1831; C. altisocia Chen & Wang 1981 = C. psylloides Pic 1909; C. arisi Pic 1915b = C. grandis Pic 1909; C. castillana Bergeal & Doguet 2005 = C. rufofemorata Pic 1915b; C. insolita Allard 1860 = C. sahlbergii Gyllenhal 1827; C. medvedevi Palij 1968 = C. aridula Gyllenhal 1827; C. ogloblini Palij 1970 = C. ingenua Baly 1877a; C. sonkulica Palij 1968 = C. costulata (Motschulsky 1860); and C. turhalus Iriboz 1934 = C. breviuscula (Faldermann 1837). Plectroscelis insolita Allard 1860 is a new junior homonym of P. insolita Foudras 1860. Status of three species is restored: C. grandis Pic, C. ljudmilae Lopatin, and C. septentrionalis Kimoto. New status of valid species is proposed for C. pelagica Caillol and C. transbaicalica Heikertinger. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: C. aeneicolor Pic 1915a, C. aridula Gyllenhal 1827, C. arisi Pic 1915b, C. aurifrons Jacoby 1885, C. bella Baly 1877a, C. brenskei Pic 1910, C. chalceola Jacoby 1885, C. christinae Heikertinger 1909, C. coyei Allard 1864, C. cylindrica Baly 1874, C. delarouzeei Brisout 1884, C. discreta Baly 1877a, C. fulvipes Jacoby 1885, C. grandis Pic 1909, C. granulifrons Baly 1877a, C. granulosa Baly 1874, C. ingenua Baly 1877a, C. japonica Jacoby 1885, C. jurassica Pic 1915a, C. leonhardi Heikertinger 1951, C. longula Weise 1890, C. mannerheimii Gyllenhal 1827, C. orientalis Bauduér 1874, C. persica Baly 1877, C. psylloides Pic 1909, C. punctifrons Abeille 1907, C. rufofemorata Pic 1915b, C. sahlbergii Gyllenhal 1827, C. sinuata Weise 1889, and C. splendens Motschulsky 1845.